In the 1960s, geometric abstraction in the United States embraced a trend toward monumental formats. Artists favored clear geometric shapes, sharp outlines, and vibrant colors. This style, known as Hard Edge, was characterized by a cool, matter-of-fact approach that contrasted with the expressive painting dominating the New York art scene the preceding decade. The movement was influenced by earlier geometric abstraction, which many artists encountered through interactions with European modernist

Piet Mondrian 1872-1944. #Dutch pioneer of #abstract #art #DeStijl, who developed from early landscape pictures to geometric abstract works of a most rigorous kind. Born in Amersfoort, Utrecht. Studied painting at the Amsterdam Academy 1892-4 and again, part-time, 1896-7. Friendship with the painter Simon Mans and painted landscapes in the Hague School tradition. Began to work in a more vividly coloured and sometimes pointillist style in 1908, joined the Theosophic Organisation in 1909 and made

Paul Signac (1863–1935) was a French painter and a key figure in the Neo-Impressionist movement. His main features include: • Pointillism & Divisionism: He, along with Georges Seurat, developed Pointillism, a technique using small, distinct dots of color to form an image. This was based on scientific color theory. • Bright, Vibrant Colors: His paintings often feature strong, contrasting colors that create a shimmering effect. • Landscapes & Maritime Scenes: He was passionate about the sea and fr