On 9 July 1925, Heisenberg sent a paper titled ‘Quantum-theoretical re-interpretation of kinematic and mechanical relations’ to Max Born, whom he was assisting at that time, and Born sent the paper to ...

Kanan Purkayastha explains how Werner Heisenberg’s 1925 paper turned the quantum theory of the early 1900s into the quantum mechanics of today. Sara Asran explores the dynamics of identity online.

“It is a paradox that we encounter so much internal noise when we first try to sit in silence. It is a paradox that ...

• Universal and Enforceable: Cicero’s concept of virtus is deeply connected to the idea that all humans, by sharing reason, are subject to natural law and its demands. This means virtus ceases to be a ...

February/March 2026 Texas Prof Banned from Teaching Plato • Chatbots Have Favourite Philosophers • Singer Fears AI Doesn’t ‘Get’ Animal Rights — News report ...

Articles Identity in the Age of Connectivity Sara Asran explores the dynamics of identity online. Human identity is a ...

The time is around 90 CE, and Plutarch of Chaeronea in Greece is travelling when news reaches him of the death of his ...

Roman Philosophy The Educational Philosophy of Quintilian Philip Vassallo learns from a classic of Classical education. What could be more important for the future of any society ...

Kant’s view is clearly that coercion is justifiable only when it’s necessary to prevent someone from hindering the freedom of action of others. That is the proper function of Recht, or coercively ...

While there remains no consensus on what dignity is, by far the most important and famous conception of it remains the classical liberal account developed by Immanuel Kant. The fame is well deserved, ...

Anja Steinbauer introduces the life and ideas of Immanuel Kant, the merry sage of Königsberg, who died 200 years ago. “Have the courage to use your own reason!”, (in Latin sapere aude!) is the battle ...

In his Introduction to Lectures on the Philosophy of World History (1837), Hegel argues that there are three ways of doing history. The first of these is original history. Original history refers to ...