Systems theory is an alternative approach to understanding, managing and planning organizations. Employee relations is a human resources discipline concerned with strengthening ties between employers ...

Systems theory was not originally a business theory. Indeed, systems theory was proposed in the 1940s by biologist Ludwig von Bertalanffy, say Francis Heylighen and Cliff Joslyn in their article, ...

Organizations are dynamic, hierarchically structured entities. Such dynamism is reflected in the emergence of significant events at every organizational level. Despite this fact, there has been ...

The paper discusses some implications of the use of management information systems for public policy. A brief description of such systems is presented, including examples. In order to derive probable ...