Conditional expectations – the expected values of random variables given a set of conditions – have all sorts of applications, ranging from the pricing of exotic and out-of-the-money options to the ...

We show that the relation of second order stochastic dominance, which has found widespread use in models of economic behavior under uncertainty, may be described in terms of conditional expectation.

Let E, F be two Polish spaces and [Xn,Yn], [X, Y] random variables with values in E × F (not necessarily defined on the same probability space). We show some conditions which are sufficient in order ...