Observational study designs like cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional are the backbone of epidemiology, but each comes with unique strengths, limitations, and bias risks. Understanding these ...

The “traditional” model in psychiatric neuroimaging, characterised by small, cross-sectional, and observational studies has historically dominated research endeavours. Over the last decade, numerous ...

Understanding the pharmacodynamic effects of cancer therapies early in the clinical drug development pathway is key to confirm target engagement, ensure appropriate selection of patients in future ...

Clinical trials are well-controlled and designed experiments that aim to prove that an Investigational Medicinal Product (IMP) is effective. Clinical trial data is submitted to the national health ...

As biomarker studies employ increasingly complex and expensive genomics and other correlative methods, it is increasingly important to rigorously design these studies and analyze the downstream ...