Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

In the early 1950s, experiments by two teams of researchers, Salvador Luria working with Mary Human and Joe Bertani working with Jean Weigle, showed that some strains of bacteria were more resistant ...

Young scientists often get frustrated with laborious experimental procedures, such as cloning, PCR, or sequencing. However, the Internet has made planning and performing these procedures faster and ...