The standard method for experimentally determining the probability distribution of an observable in quantum mechanics is the measurement of the observable spectrum. However, for infinite-dimensional ...

This is a preview. Log in through your library . Abstract We study the variance-to-mean ratio of the distributions of parasites among hosts for some models of parasite infection, using the cohort ...

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...

We consider a hedger with a mean-variance objective who faces a random loss at a fixed time. The size of this loss depends quite generally on two correlated asset prices, while only one of them is ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...