The two types of standard transistors are PNP and NPN which differs in circuit symbols. The layers of semiconductor material used to make the transistor are denoted by the letters. To keep a straight ...

A single electron makes the difference between “on” and “off” for a new transistor made from a single carbon nanotube, whose minute size and low-energy requirements should make it an ideal device for ...

The transistor and the PWM-switch, the core circuit of power converters, have interesting analogs. Both have three terminals, hence three configurations. They are active devices, and each has a key ...

In the early days, PNP bipolar transistors were common, but the bulk of circuits you see today use NPN transistors. As [Aaron Danner] points out, many people think PNP transistors are “backward” but ...

Researchers have developed a single-atom transistor, the world's smallest. This quantum electronics component switches electrical current by controlled repositioning of a single atom, now also in the ...

Transistors, the tiny switches that flip on and off inside computer chips, have long been the domain of electricity. But scientists are beginning to develop chip components that run on light. Last ...