To truly understand living systems they must be viewed as a whole. In order to achieve this and to come to some law to which living systems obey, data obtained on cells, tissues and organs should be ...

Sulfate is an essential nutrient that underpins a multitude of physiological processes, ranging from cellular detoxification and signal modulation to the structural integrity of developing tissues. In ...

Homeostasis comprises the dynamic processes that enable optimum conditions to be maintained for cells, in spite of continual changes taking place internally and externally (Clancy and McVicar, 1995).

Meina Guo, Wenyuan Ruan, Changying Li, Fangliang Huang, Ming Zeng, Yingyao Liu, Yanan Yu, Xiaomeng Ding, Yunrong Wu, Zhongchang Wu, Chuanzao Mao, Keke Yi, Ping Wu and Xiaorong Mo Phosphorus (P), an ...

This paper reviews the structure, function, and pathophysiology of glucagon‑like peptide 1 (GLP‑1). It describes the physiology and pathophysiology of the incretin axis, of which GLP‑1 is a component, ...