Comprehensive introduction to analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Linear time-invariant systems, convolution; Fourier series representations of periodic signals; Continuous ...

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...

A study of signals and linear systems and their applications in modern engineering. Representation of continuous and discrete time signals and systems in the time and frequency domains. Stability, ...

Physicists have shown that Markov processes, widely used to model complex systems, must unfold over a larger space than previously assumed. Scientists believe that time is continuous, not discrete -- ...

This survey paper consists of two parts. In the first part (up to and including setion 3) we review the central limit theorems for discrete time martingales, and show that many different sets of ...

For any symmetry in a Hamiltonian system, its spontaneous breaking in the ground state leads to a phase transition 11. The broken symmetry itself can assume many different forms. For example, the ...